Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains' - these are the famous opening words of a treatise that has not ceased to stir vigorous debate since its first publication in 1762. Rejecting the view that anyone has a natural right to wield authority over others, Rousseau argues instead for a pact, or 'social contract', that should exist between all the citizens of a state and that should be the source of sovereign power. From this fundamental premise, he goes on to consider issues of liberty and law, freedom and justice, arriving at a view of society that has seemed to some a blueprint for totalitarianism, to others a declaration of democratic principles.
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渴望生活:梵高传
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卢梭,18世纪法国启蒙思想家、哲学家、教育家、文学家、音乐家,法国大革命的思想先驱,启蒙运动最卓越的代表人物之一,被誉为“现代民主政体之父”。卢梭坚持社会契约论,主张建立资产阶级的“理性王国”;强调自由平等,反对压迫;提出“天赋人权”,反对专制、暴政。其代表作有:《论人类不平等的起源和基础》、 《社会契约论》、《爱弥儿》、《忏悔录》等。
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“创建一种能以全部共同的力量来维护和保障每个结合者的人身和财产的结合形式,使每一个在这种结合形式下与全体联合的人所服从的只不过是他本人,而且同以往一样的自由”,社会契约所要解决的,就是这个根本问题
唯有道德的自由才使人类真正成为自己的主人;因为仅只有嗜欲的冲动便是奴隶状态
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