Chinese Characteristics
内容简介
Chinese Characteristics (1894) was the most widely read American work on China until Pearl Buck’s The Good Earth (1931). It was the first to take up the task of analyzing Chinese society in the light of "scientific" social and racial theory.
Written as a series of pungent and sometimes comic essays for a Shanghai newspaper in the late 1880s, Chinese Characteristics was among the five most read books on China among foreigners living in China as late as World War I and it was read by Americans at home as a wise and authentic handbook. The book was quickly translated into Japanese and just as quickly into Chinese. It was accepted by the Chinese — and has maintained its authoritative status for over a century — as the quintessential portrait of the Chinese race drawn by a Westerner.
Lu Xun, the most prominent Chinese cultural critic of the early twentieth century, urged his students to study and ponder Smith’s message, which was very widely debated in Chinese student circles. Within the last decade (the 1990s), two different, new translations of Smith’s book were published in China and both editions have enjoyed wide distribution and readership. In the West, particularly since World War II, Chinese Characteristics has been widely quoted (though seldom read) as an example of Sino-myopia and Orientalism. Despite such Western pseudo-intellectual bias, Smith’s arguments retain the power to provoke critical introspection among Chinese and, for the honest, among Westerners as well.
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作者简介
Arthur H. Smith, D.D., was born in Vernon, Connecticut and graduated from Beloit College before serving with the Wisconsin infantry for a few months during the Civil War. A college friend called Smith an accomplished storyteller and "the funniest man I ever knew."
After he attended Andover Theological Seminary, in 1872 the American Board of the Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him and his wife, Emma Jane Dickenson, to China. They lived in the north China village of Panjiazhuang for several decades, aspiring to fit in as "natives." Arthur Smith steeped himself in Chinese classical literature and folklore, leading to a stream of articles and books, including Proverbs and Common Sayings from the Chinese (1886; 1916); Village Life in China: A Study in Sociology (1899); and China in Convulsion (1901), a two-volume study of the Boxer Uprising.
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目录
List of Illustrations p. 7
Introduction p. 9
I. Face p. 16
II. Economy p. 19
III. Industry p. 27
IV. Politeness p. 35
V. The Disregard of Time p. 41
VI. The Disregard of Accuracy p. 48
VII. The Talent for Misunderstanding p. 58
VIII. The Talent for Indirection p. 65
IX. Flexible Inflexibility p. 74
X. Intellectual Turbidity p. 82
XI. The Absence of Nerves p. 90
XII. Contempt for Foreigners p. 98
XIII. The Absence of Public Spirit p. 107
XIV. Conservatism p. 115
XV. Indifference to Comfort and Convenience p. 125
XVI. Physical Vitality p. 144
XVII. Patience and Perseverance p. 152
XVIII. Content and Cheerfulness p. 162
XIX. Filial Piety p. 171
XX. Benevolence p. 186
XXI. The Absence of Sympathy p. 194
XXII. Social Typhoons p. 217
XXIII. Mutual Responsibility and Respect for Law p. 226
XXIV. Mutual Suspicion p. 242
XXV. The Absence of Sincerity p. 266
XXVI. Polytheism, Pantheism, Atheism p. 287
XXVII. The Real Condition of China and Her Present Needs p. 314
Glossary p. 331
Index p. 333
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读书文摘
为什么别国所经历的那些政变，中国几乎没有发生过。有这么一个故事。有人造了一堵石墙，厚六英尺，高却只有四英尺。有人问他这墙为什么造得这么怪，他回答说，他的目的是：要是日后墙被风吹倒，墙反而比原先的更高了！中国的政府说什么也不会被吹倒，因为它是个立方体，即使翻到了，也只是换了个面，其外貌和内容仍然如故，始终不变。
对于中国人而言，事实永远不是最关键的问题，形式才是首当其冲的重中之重。
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