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The Human Use Of Human Beings

The Human Use Of Human Beings
作者:Norbert Wiener
副标题:Cybernetics And Society
出版社:Da Capo Press
出版年:1988-03
ISBN:9780306803208
行业:其它
浏览数:683

内容简介

Only a few books stand as landmarks in social and scientific upheaval. Norbert Wiener's classic is one in that small company. Founder of the science of cybernetics—the study of the relationship between computers and the human nervous system—Wiener was widely misunderstood as one who advocated the automation of human life. As this book reveals, his vision was much more complex and interesting. He hoped that machines would release people from relentless and repetitive drudgery in order to achieve more creative pursuits. At the same time he realized the danger of dehumanizing and displacement. His book examines the implications of cybernetics for education, law, language, science, technology, as he anticipates the enormous impact—in effect, a third industrial revolution—that the computer has had on our lives.

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读书文摘

在能学习的机器中,我们应当分清哪些东西是机器能够学习的,而哪些不能。在制造一部机器的时候,要么使它具有完成某类行为的统计倾向而又不排斥其他行为的可能性,要么就把它的行为的某些特性严格不变地决定下来。我们把第一类决定称为选择性的,把第二类决定称为限制性的。

对象与环境之间有两种作用:一种是输入,一种是输出。输入是环境以某种方式使对象变化,而输出则是对象以某种方式使环境发生某种变化。行为主义方法的研究重点就是研究对象的各种可能的输出,特别是这种输出与输入的种种关系。而所谓“行为”就是我们的对象相对于它的环境做出的任何变化。

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