Sweeping across two millennia and every literary genre, acclaimed scholar and biographer Jonathan Bate provides a dazzling introduction to English Literature. The focus is wide, shifting from the birth of the novel and the brilliance of English comedy to the deep Englishness of landscape poetry and the ethnic diversity of Britain's Nobel literature laureates. It goes on to provide a more in-depth analysis, with close readings from an extraordinary scene in King Lear to a war poem by Carol Ann Duffy, and a series of striking examples of how literary texts change as they are transmitted from writer to reader. The narrative embraces not only the major literary movements such as Romanticism and Modernism, together with the most influential authors including Chaucer, Donne, Johnson, Wordsworth, Austen, Dickens and Woolf, but also little-known stories such as the identity of the first English woman poet to be honoured with a collected edition of her works. Written with the flair and passion for which Jonathan Bate has become renowned, this book is the perfect Very Short Introduction for all readers and students of the incomparable literary heritage of these islands.
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乔纳森•贝特,华威大学教授,主要研究方向为莎士比亚和文艺复兴时期的文学。主要著有《莎士比亚的天赋》(1997)以及一部关于莎士比亚的深度传记《时代的灵魂》(2008),后者从伊丽莎白女王时期的文化背景出发,分析了莎士比亚的思想历程。他创作的《约翰•克莱尔传》(2003)获得了英国历史最悠久的两大文学奖项:霍桑登奖和詹姆斯•泰特•布莱克奖。
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1: Once upon a time
2: What it is
3: When it began
4: The study of English
5: Periods and movements
6: Among the English Poets
7: Shakespeare and dramatic literature
8: Aspects of the English novel
9: The Englishness of English literature
Further Reading
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到19世纪末《牛津英语词典》开始编撰的时候,“文学”这个词有了一个更新颖、更严格的定义:文学是“出于形式美或情感效应而值得研究的书面文字”。将书面文字中这个特殊的部分作为单独类别,这一变化与美学这个新词有关,后者于18世31纪出现在徳国。“美学”一词能在英格兰流行开来,塞缪尔・泰勒・柯勒律治的功劳最大。美学是对美做出评判的艺术。(P39)
相比之下,莎士比亚在悲剧和喜剧这两个领域都迅速得赞誉。此外,他的名气还得益于一种独特的创新手段,那就是用多部剧作构成一个系列来讲述本民族的历史,将贵族和平民放在一起,内容五花八门,既包括历史著作中的战役和篡位,也包括酒馆和旅途中的虚构故事,比如引人瞩目的约・福斯塔夫爵士,以及发生在盖兹山的极为滑稽的拦路抢劫事件。
然而,在莎士比亚的作品成为文学经典的过程中,第一对开本起到了极为重要的作用。黑明斯和康德尔把莎士比亚的作品分为三类 喜剧、历史剧和悲剧 从而使读者注意到他的多多艺。本・琼生专门为莎士比亚写了一首诗,作为作品集的序言,称赞他在悲剧和喜剧这两个领域足以媲美古典时期的优秀戏剧家。
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