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A Court on Horseback

A Court on Horseback
作者:Michael G. Chang / 张勉治
副标题:Imperial Touring and the Construction of Qing Rule, 1680-1785
出版社:Harvard University Asia Center
出版年:2007-05
ISBN:9780674024540
行业:其它
浏览数:6

内容简介

Between 1751 and 1784, the Qianlong emperor embarked upon six southern tours, travelling from Beijing to Jiangnan and back. These tours were exercises in political theatre that took the Manchu emperor through one of the Qing empire's most prosperous regions. This study elucidates the tensions and the constant negotiations characterising the relationship between the imperial centre and Jiangnan, which straddled the two key provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Politically, economically and culturally, Jiangnan was the undisputed centre of the Han Chinese world; it also remained a bastion of Ming loyalism and anti-Manchu sentiment. How did the Qing court constitute its authority and legitimate its domination over this pivotal region? What were the precise terms and historical dynamics of Qing rule over China proper during the long 18th Century? In the course of addressing such questions, this study also explores the political culture within and through which High Qing rule was constituted and contested by a range of actors, all of whom operated within socially and historically structured contexts. The author argues that the southern tours occupied a central place in the historical formation of Qing rule during a period of momentous change affecting all strata of the 18th-Century polity.

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作者简介

张勉治(Michael G.Chang),美国乔治梅森大学历史与艺术史系副教授。加州大学圣迭哥分校历史学博士,师从周锡瑞、高彦颐等中国史研究名家。主要研究领域为16至19世纪中国的政治、社会、文化和经济,目前主要关注盛清时期的政治文化和物质文化。

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目录

Tables & Figures

Abbreviations

Note on Transcription & Dating Conventions

Introduction

Patrimonial-Bureaucratic Empire: A Model for Premodern

State-Formation

Ethnically (Ideologically) Imbued Patrimonialism

Lineages of the Qing Ethno-Dynastic State

Imperial Touring & the Historical Formation of Qing Rule

1 Historical Precedents & the Multivalance of Imperial Touring

Touring, Hunting, & Warfare in Antiquity

The "Civil-ization" of Touring During the Warring States Period

Touring as a Point of Monarchical-Bureaucratic Tension

Imperial Bureaucracy & the Denigration of Touring

Imperial Confederacy & the Persistence of Seasonal Sojourning

Imperial Touring in the Ming

Conclusion

2 "Following Ancestors": The Ethno-Dynastic Imperative of Imperial Touring, 1680s & 1740s

Remonstrance & Response, 1: Kangxi's First Imperial Tour, 1668-1671

Kangxi's Revival of Imperial Touring, 1680s: A Classical Model?

Qianlong's Revival of Imperial Touring, 1740s, A Family Romance?

Remonstrance & Response, II: A Han Censor's Protest, December 1758

Qianlong's Commentary of Toghon Temur, 1767: The Echoes of History

Conclusion

3 Putting a Court on Horseback: The Logistics & Politics of a Moving Court

The Imperial Entourage & the Tour Route

Directing the Imperial Encampment: A Bannerman's Affair

Encampments as an Emblem of Martial Prowess

Mobilizing the Provinces on a Military Scale

Managing Popular Perceptions of the Southern Tours

Conclusion

4 The Perils of Peace & the Politics of Empire: Wars, Tours, & Military Readiness

Qianlong's Valorization of Martial Values, 1785

Fears of Banner Decline, 1670s-1730s

The Early Qianlong Military Crisis, 1730s-1740s

Imperial Tours as a Manchu-Martial Habitus

A Crisis of Leadership & the Persistence of Banner Decline, 1750s

The Southern Tours & the Dzungar Problem, 1750s

Empire & Martial Triumphalism on the Southern Tours, 1762

Conclusion

5 "Returning to Purity & Simplicity": The Southern Tours & Intra-Elite Competition in an Age of Commercialization

Cultivating Commercial Wealth

The Imperial Discourse on Curbing Extravagance

Literati Anxiety & the Appropriation of Imperial Discourse

Conclusion

6 The Southern Tours as Cultural Encompassment: The Valorization of Verse & Accommodation of Han Learning

Special Recruitment Examinations: An Overview

Courting Elites via the Valorization of Poetry & Painting

Shen Deqian as a Cultural Broker in Suzhou

Suzhou's Ziyang Academy & the Accommodation of Han Learning

The Ambiguities of Accommondation

Conclusion

7 The Poetics & Politics of Qianlong's Encounter with Jiangnan

The Prospect of Pleasure: Imperial Ambivalence

A Tension Within Elite Culture: The Eighteenth-Century Denigration of a "Lyric Vision"

Reading Qianlong's Southern Tour Poetry

Firse Engagements: Defining "the Meaning of Jiangnan" in Jiangbei

Encountering Jinshan, II: Mediating & Framing the Lyric Vision of a Moonlit River

The Deepening Encounter: Declarations of Diligence as a Repudiation of Pleasure

A Legitimating Discourse: " Observing the People" from Horseback

Conclusion

8 Popular Perceptions & the Primacy of Ethno-Dynastic Politics, 1765-1785

Revisiting Qianlong's Hydraulic Thesis

The Primacy of Politics, 1770

The Erosion of Ethno-Dynastic Legitimacy, 1765-1678

An Ethno-Dynastic Response: The Resurgence of Imperial Touring, 1780-1785

Conclusion

Epilogue: Imperial Touring at the Last, 1800-1820

Ethnicity & the Historical Dynamic of Qing Rule

Appendixes

A A Note on Provincial Preparations for Qianlong's Southern Tours

B An Estimate of the Overall Costs for Qianlong's Southern Tours

C Southern Tour Recruitment Examinations: A Quantitative Analysis

Reference Matter

Works Cited

Chinese Character List

Index

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读书文摘

组织结构的影响似乎应从相反的方向考虑,欧立德指出,在清朝,满洲人狩猎形式的启示,才是北京重新布局的根本原因,尤其重要的是“安营时,兵丁的帐篷围绕御幄形成了一个保护圈一这一做法极易让人联想到蒙古人的斡鲁朵(ordo)”。 懂了十号线上的那些地名!

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