古代近东史
内容简介
本书为古代近东文明史入门书，书中整合了最新学术研究成果，全面概述了古代近东多文化的文明，用简明易懂的叙述方式展现了这个地区复杂的历史：从公元前3000年左右文字出现，到美索不达米亚最早的城市起源和城邦纷争，巴比伦、赫梯等区域性国家的形成，亚述和波斯帝国的崛起，以及亚历山 大大帝的征服。此外，书中还探讨了波斯帝国时期该地区的治理和延续性，对《圣经》和《吉尔伽美什史诗》等重要文本和资料进行了深入、易懂的讨论。
本书配有详细的地图、图表、王表和插图，辅以讨论、知识框、文献等栏目，既适用于古代史专业和考古专业的大学生课程，也适用于对古代近东感兴趣的一般读者。
名家推荐：
这本书值得在古代历史学家和考古学家的书架上占有一席之地，而且它肯定会在美索不达米亚历史课程的阅读清单中占据重要地位。
——诺曼·约菲（Norman Yoffee），纽约大学古代世界研究所高级研究员
我不知道还有哪本类似规模的手册能在语言学能力、史学方法和论述清晰度方面与范·德·米罗普的书相媲美。
——马里奥·利韦拉尼（Mario Liverani），罗马萨皮恩扎大学古代近东史教授
马克·范·德·米罗普的《古代近东史》是近东文明通史写作的典范之作。全书以城邦、区域国家、帝国三重架构统领三千余年的复杂历史，既摆脱了编年体例的琐碎，又避免了主题叙事的空疏，在宏观政治变迁与微观社会生态之间达成了精妙的平衡。作者对史料传统的批判性运用、对边缘群体的敏锐关注，以及对“近东”这一概念本身的反思，均体现出深厚的历史理论素养。曲天夫先生的译文忠实畅达，使这部国际学界广为采用的权威著作得以完美呈现于中文读者面前——无论初涉此域还是深耕其间，皆可从中获益。
——拱玉书，北京大学教授
美国学者米罗普的《古代近东史》以政治史为中心，揭示了人类早期文明从城邦经区域王国到帝国的发展轨迹或模式，与中国世界古代史的开拓者日知（林志纯）先生所主张的“城邦—帝国说”有异曲同工之妙，甚或说，为后者的理论提供了具体研究的实践例证，具有中西史学比较研究和文明交流互鉴的学术价值。
——于殿利，中国世界古代史研究会副会长
本书雅俗共赏，是了解古代近东历史的必读书籍。
——欧阳晓莉，复旦大学历史学系教授
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作者简介
作者简介：
马克·范·德·米罗普（Marc Van De Mieroop），美国哥伦比亚大学古代近东史教授、古代地中海研究中心主任，《古代近东历史杂志》（Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History）创始编辑，研究侧重社会经济和政治史，作品有《希腊前的哲学：古代巴比伦对真理的追求》（Philosophy before the Greeks. The Pursuit of Truth in Ancient Babylonia）、《古代美索不达米亚城市》（The Ancient Mesopotamian City）等。
译者简介：
曲天夫，男，1972年生，吉林长春人，2001年在东北师范大学古典文明史研究所获博士学位，厦门大学历史系世界史教研室副教授，主要研究方向为古代近东史、亚述学、古代犹太史。
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目录
序 ·········································································· i
著者说明 ·····································································v
第1 章 导言 ·······························································1
1.1 何谓古代近东？ ················································1
1.2 史料 ······························································5
1.3 地理 ······························································9
1.4 史前时代的发展 ·············································· 15
第一部分 城邦
第2 章 起源：乌鲁克现象 ············································ 29
2.1 城市的起源 ··················································· 30
2.2 书写和社会管理的发展 ····································· 42
2.3 乌鲁克扩张 ··················································· 52
2.4 乌鲁克的影响 ················································ 57
第3 章 城邦纷争：早王朝时期 ······································ 61
3.1 文字史料和史料的利用 ····································· 62
3.2 美索不达米亚南部的政治发展 ···························· 67
3.3 更广阔的近东 ················································ 78
3.4 早王朝时期的社会 ··········································· 83
3.5 书吏文化 ······················································ 88
第4 章 政治权力的集中：公元前三千纪晚期 ····················· 94
4.1 阿卡德的国王 ················································ 95
4.2 乌尔第三王朝 ··············································· 110
第5 章 公元前两千纪早期的近东 ··································126
5.1 游牧民和定居者 ·············································130
5.2 巴比伦尼亚 ··················································134
5.3 亚述和东方 ··················································141
5.4 马瑞和西方 ··················································150
第6 章 公元前两千纪早期区域性国家的发展 ····················159
6.1 沙马什- 阿达德和上美索不达米亚王国 ················161
6.2 汉穆拉比的巴比伦 ··········································166
6.3 古赫梯王国 ··················································179
6.4 “黑暗时代” ··················································184
第二部分 区域国家
第7 章 强国俱乐部····················································193
7.1 政治体系 ·····················································195
7.2 政治互动：外交和贸易 ····································201
7.3 区域竞争：战争 ·············································213
7.4 共同的意识形态和社会组织 ······························215
第8 章 公元前两千纪晚期的西部国家 ····························224
8.1 米坦尼 ························································225
8.2 新赫梯王国 ··················································233
8.3 叙利亚- 巴勒斯坦地区 ····································243
第9 章 加喜特人、亚述人和埃兰人 ·······························257
9.1 巴比伦 ························································259
9.2 亚述 ···························································268
9.3 中埃兰王国 ··················································275
第10 章 区域体系的衰落及其影响 ·································285
10.1 历史事件 ····················································286
10.2 解释 ··························································295
10.3 影响 ··························································300
第三部分 帝国
第11 章 公元前一千纪初期的近东 ·································315
11.1 东部国家 ····················································316
11.2 西部 ··························································328
第12 章 亚述的崛起 ··················································346
12.1 亚述帝国主义的模式 ·····································347
12.2 历史记录 ····················································357
12.3 公元前9 世纪的扩张 ·····································359
12.4 亚述本土的衰落 ···········································368
第13 章 亚述的世界霸权 ············································374
13.1 帝国体系的建立 ···········································375
13.2 击败强敌 ····················································380
13.3 帝国的行政管理与政治理念 ·····························390
13.4 亚述文化 ····················································393
13.5 亚述的灭亡 ·················································401
第14 章 米底人与巴比伦尼亚人 ····································408
14.1 米底人和安纳托利亚诸国 ································410
14.2 新巴比伦王朝 ··············································416
第15 章 世界帝国的建立：波斯 ····································437
15.1 史料和挑战 ·················································438
15.2 波斯的兴起和扩张 ········································440
15.3 被征服国家的统治 ········································447
15.4 帝国体系的建立 ···········································453
第16 章 世界帝国的统治：波斯 ····································463
16.1 政治演变 ····················································463
16.2 帝国的行政管理 ···········································469
16.3 帝国的地方治理 ···········································475
16.4 帝国的灭亡 ·················································484
后记 ·······································································491
王表 ·······································································493
拓展阅读指南 ····························································508
参考书目 ··································································519
综合年代表 ·······························································545
索引和译名对照表 ······················································550
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