In 1936 Keynes published the most provocative book written by any economist of his generation. The General Theory, as it is known to all economists, cut through all the Gordian Knots of pre-Keynesian discussion of the trade cycle and propounded a new approach to the determination of the level of economic activity, the problems of employment and unemployment, the causes of inflation, the strategies of budgetary policy. Arguments about the book continued until his death in 1946 and still continue today. Despite all that has been written in the subsequent years, Keynes and his book still represent the turning-point between the old economics and the new from which each generation of economists needs to take its inspiration and its point of departure towards fresh attempts to carry his work further. This new edition features a new Introduction by Paul Krugman which discusses the significance and continued relevance of The General Theory.
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凯恩斯是20世纪上半叶世界著名理论创新者、政治活动家和当时最杰出的英国经济学家,《就业、利息和货币通论(重译本)》是他重要著作之一,它的发表引发了世界范围内的“凯恩斯革命”。《就业、利息和货币通论(重译本)》的中心思想是有效需求理论,因有效需求不足导致失业增加和经济衰退,而利率、工资、价格等因素并不能使经济体系实现自我调节。凯恩斯提出:“只要政府降低利率,刺激投资,实行公共开支和经济军事化,就可解决失业问题,化解经济危机。”这一理论为各国政府实行干预经济的政策奠定了基础。
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当储蓄金额超过目前的维修费用时,这一部分超过的部分既不直接引起现行的投资,也不被用于支付消费。因此,它必须由新的投资所补偿。。。 结果,能够真正形成现行收入的信投资必须减去相应于储备金额超过目前维修费用的数量。 从而,要想达到既定就业量,必须存在着更强烈的对投资的需求。
现以一座房屋为例。假设该房屋直到寿命终了以前均能被居住而无需加以修缮。如果每年从房客支付的租金中减去一笔折旧费,而这笔折旧费既没有被房主用于维修,有没有被他当做可以供消费之用的净收入,那么这笔储备金额会在房屋的寿命期间继续压低就业量,移植到该房屋重建时,才突然把以往压低的就业量一次补足。
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